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One of 14 paths

Skills and certificates

Building one skill through a short program or self-study.

  • Coding or tech bootcamp
  • Industry certifications (CompTIA, AWS, Google)
  • Online career certificate
  • Self-directed study and free courses

The short version

You build one skill through a short program or self-study, with no degree required.

It fits if you want one in-demand skill fast and can stay disciplined without a campus.

Watch for: quality varies widely, and a certificate is only worth what employers in that field recognize.

At a glance

Each scale shows its level and the reason, and "our read" marks a judgment call.

  • Cost while you do it

    Level: You pay a little, 1 of 5 on the paying side

    Some online certificates cost little or nothing to start, though bootcamps can be expensive.

    Dollar signs to the left of the middle mean you're paid while you do it, and dollar signs to the right mean you pay. More of them means more money either way. The mark in the middle means free.

  • Time it takes

    Level: A year or less, 1 of 5

    A short program or self-study can take just a few months.

  • Possible earnings once you're done

    Level: Above the middle to Higher, 4 to 5 of 5

    Tech support jobs pay above the middle, and some other tech jobs pay much more.

    This varies a lot with the specific job, the place, and experience.

    Middle means the middle pay across all jobs.

  • Getting in

    Level: Open to most, 1 of 5

    No degree needed, and self-study and online certificates are open to teens.

  • Switching later Our read

    Level: Mostly easy, 2 of 5

    Trying it is low-risk, though a certificate only counts where employers recognize it.

  • New experiences Our read

    Level: Mostly familiar, 1 of 5

    Learning from home keeps your days close to what you know.

What it's really like

A certification shows you have specific skills, and you usually have to pass a test to earn it. Google says its certificates are completely online and self-paced. Google also says you need no experience to start. With no campus around you, staying on track is up to you.

What it takes

No degree is needed. Many bootcamps ask for a diploma or GED, and some set a minimum age of 18. Self-study and many online certificates are open to teens. AWS exams start at age 13, with a parent's consent under 18, and CompTIA exams are open to everyone. Google says many learners finish a certificate in a few months of part-time study. The course page has its current estimate. Some online certificates cost little or nothing to start, but bootcamps can be expensive. Some short programs now qualify for Pell Grants, so ask whether a program takes federal student aid.

Where it leads

Computer support specialists may qualify with a high school diploma plus IT certifications, the Bureau of Labor Statistics says. It also says web developers may not need specific credentials if their work or projects show their skills, though a bachelor's degree is typical. At Google's pace, you could have a certificate or two done a year in. Many computer support specialists go on to other IT jobs, like software developer.

Pros and cons

Pros

  • You don't need a degree.
  • Self-study and some online certificates cost little or nothing to start.
  • Some programs take just a few months.

Cons

  • Quality and outcomes vary widely.
  • A certificate is only worth what employers in your field recognize.
  • Bootcamps can be expensive and aren't all equal.

If you change your mind

Self-study and some online certificates cost little or nothing to start, so there's a low-risk way to try this. A certificate only counts where employers in that field recognize it, so check local job postings first. Google's certificates come with a college credit recommendation, but each school decides whether to accept it.

Try it before you choose

  • Pick one credential and check which local employers list it in job postings.
  • Finish one free intro course before you pay for anything.
  • Ask any paid program whether it takes federal student aid.

Pick one to try this month. Trying a thing isn't choosing it.

Questions to ask

Put these to a program, or to someone who works in the field.

  1. Which employers near me list this credential in job postings?
  2. What does the whole program cost, and does it take federal student aid?
  3. What are your age and entry rules?
  4. What do graduates go on to do, and what's been harder than you expected?

People who did it

PBS says Julia Child's life had no real direction until her World War II volunteer service. In 1948 her husband Paul's work took them to Paris, where she enrolled at Le Cordon Bleu and earned its diploma in 1951.

A story like this can't tell you what's likely for you.

Check current details

Prices, age rules, and aid vary by program, so check them at the source.

Compare with nearby paths

These three paths are worth weighing next to this one, and their pages use the same scales.

Community college

It fits if you're unsure of a major, want options open, or plan to transfer later.

Cost while you do it
You pay some, 2 of 5 on the paying side
Time it takes
About two years, 2 of 5An associate degree is about two years of school, with a schedule that can bend around a job.
Possible earnings once you're done
Middle to Above the middle, 3 to 4 of 5
Getting in
Open to most, 1 of 5
Switching later
Some of it carries over, 3 of 5
New experiences
Some new, 2 of 5

Healthcare and first responders

It fits if you want steady work in health, wellness, or public safety, like EMT or firefighter.

Cost while you do it
You pay some, 2 of 5 on the paying side
Time it takes
A year or less, 1 of 5Many programs take less than a year, and nursing takes about a year.
Possible earnings once you're done
Middle, 3 of 5
Getting in
A few requirements, 2 of 5
Switching later
Some of it carries over, 3 of 5
New experiences
A fair amount new, 3 of 5

Paid work

It fits if you want income, or you're not ready for more school.

Cost while you do it
Paid a wage, 3 of 5 on the getting-paid side
Time it takes
A year or less, 1 of 5You can start right away, with training on the job.
Possible earnings once you're done
Lower to Middle, 1 to 3 of 5
Getting in
Open to most, 1 of 5
Switching later
Easy, 1 of 5
New experiences
Some new, 2 of 5

See all 14 paths

Where these facts come from
  1. Google, Google Career Certificates (opened 2026-10-15). The provider's description of itself.
  2. CareerOneStop (sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor), Certification Finder (opened 2026-10-15).
  3. CompTIA Help Center, CompTIA Exam Requirements and Recommendations (opened 2026-10-15).
  4. AWS Certification FAQs (opened 2026-10-15).
  5. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook: Computer support specialists (opened 2026-10-15).
  6. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook: Web developers and digital designers (opened 2026-10-15).
  7. U.S. Department of Education press release on the Workforce Pell Grant final rule (May 18, 2026).
  8. Bootcamp and certification age rules.
  9. Bureau of Labor Statistics, wages by typical entry-level education (Table 5.2), for the earnings scale (opened 2026-10-15).
  10. freeCodeCamp, About freeCodeCamp: Frequently Asked Questions (no page date; opened 2026-10-19). The provider's description of itself.
  11. People who changed course, on this site: Julia Child, with that story's own sources.