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One of 14 paths

Community college

A two-year school for a degree, a certificate, or transfer credits.

  • Associate degree
  • Certificate
  • Transfer track (2+2)
  • Dual-enrollment credits
  • Online associate
  • State Promise or tuition-free

The short version

You start at a two-year school and work toward an associate degree, a certificate, or credits to transfer.

It fits if you're unsure of a major, want options open, or plan to transfer later.

Watch for: the transfer step, where many students drop off.

At a glance

Each scale shows its level and the reason, and "our read" marks a judgment call.

  • Cost while you do it

    Level: You pay some, 2 of 5 on the paying side

    It usually costs far less than a four-year school, though you still pay something.

    Dollar signs to the left of the middle mean you're paid while you do it, and dollar signs to the right mean you pay. More of them means more money either way. The mark in the middle means free.

  • Time it takes

    Level: About two years, 2 of 5

    An associate degree is about two years of school, with a schedule that can bend around a job.

  • Possible earnings once you're done

    Level: Middle to Above the middle, 3 to 4 of 5

    With a certificate or two-year degree, you can reach jobs that pay near or above the middle.

    This varies a lot with the specific job, the place, and experience.

    Middle means the middle pay across all jobs.

  • Getting in

    Level: Open to most, 1 of 5

    A diploma or GED is usually the way in, and you can take dual-enrollment classes while in school.

  • Switching later Our read

    Level: Some of it carries over, 3 of 5

    Your credits can carry to a four-year school if you plan the transfer early.

  • New experiences Our read

    Level: Some new, 2 of 5

    You'll meet new people and routines, but you can stay close to home.

What it's really like

You can stay close to home, and the schedule can flex around a job. By federal rules, each credit stands for at least three hours a week: one in class and two outside. So a full-time load of 12 credits is built for at least 36 hours a week.

What it takes

You usually need a diploma or GED to get in. If you're 16 or older with no diploma, and you're not in high school or required to be, adult education can help you earn a diploma or its equivalent. An American Job Center is one place to ask about adult education. An associate degree normally takes at least two years of full-time college work. About 3 in 10 first-time, full-time students who started at a public two-year school in fall 2017 finished their program there within one and a half times the normal length. Tuition is only part of the cost: books, supplies, food, and housing count too. A 504 plan or IEP (Individualized Education Program) doesn't carry over to college, so ask the college for accommodations early.

Where it leads

Jobs like dental hygienist and paralegal typically ask for an associate degree, the Bureau of Labor Statistics says. Or you can transfer some of your credits to a four-year school. A year in, you're usually no more than about halfway to an associate degree. Six years in, fewer than a third of first-time college students who started at a community college in fall 2018 had transferred to a four-year school. Of those who did, just under half (48.7%) finished a bachelor's in that time.

Pros and cons

Pros

  • It usually costs far less than a four-year school.
  • The schedule can flex around a job.
  • Credits can carry to a four-year school.

Cons

  • Many students drop off at the transfer step.
  • Not every credit carries over.
  • Finishing can take longer than two years.

If you change your mind

A transfer agreement spells out which credits carry to a specific four-year school. A 2017 federal study of 2004 to 2009 transfers found students who moved between public schools lost an estimated 37 percent of their credits on average. If you borrowed, federal loans go into repayment once you leave school, finished or not, usually after a grace period.

Try it before you choose

  • Meet a transfer adviser and ask which credits carry to a specific four-year school.
  • Ask your school counselor about dual-enrollment classes now.
  • Look up your state's Promise or tuition-free options, and read their rules.

Pick one to try this month. Trying a thing isn't choosing it.

Questions to ask

Put these to a transfer adviser, or to a student already there.

  1. Is there a written transfer agreement with the school I want, and which credits count?
  2. What would I pay after aid, and what else costs money?
  3. What are the entry rules, and is there a Promise program I could qualify for?
  4. What's a normal week like, and what's been harder than you expected?

People who did it

Adam Steltzner did just enough in high school to graduate, then played bass in rock bands while friends went to college. He later took an astronomy class at College of Marin, a community college, and transferred to UC Davis after three semesters.

A story like this can't tell you what's likely for you.

Check current details

Costs, aid, and transfer rules vary by school, so check them at the source.

Compare with nearby paths

These three paths are worth weighing next to this one, and their pages use the same scales.

University

It fits if you can handle years of coursework, whether you know your field or not.

Cost while you do it
You pay a lot before aid, 5 of 5 on the paying side
Time it takes
About four years, 4 of 5A bachelor's degree is four or more years of mostly academic work, and some take longer.
Possible earnings once you're done
Higher, 5 of 5
Getting in
An application, 3 of 5
Switching later
Hard for a while, 4 of 5
New experiences
A lot new, 4 of 5

Skills and certificates

It fits if you want one in-demand skill fast and can stay disciplined without a campus.

Cost while you do it
You pay a little, 1 of 5 on the paying side
Time it takes
A year or less, 1 of 5A short program or self-study can take just a few months.
Possible earnings once you're done
Above the middle to Higher, 4 to 5 of 5
Getting in
Open to most, 1 of 5
Switching later
Mostly easy, 2 of 5
New experiences
Mostly familiar, 1 of 5

Healthcare and first responders

It fits if you want steady work in health, wellness, or public safety, like EMT or firefighter.

Cost while you do it
You pay some, 2 of 5 on the paying side
Time it takes
A year or less, 1 of 5Many programs take less than a year, and nursing takes about a year.
Possible earnings once you're done
Middle, 3 of 5
Getting in
A few requirements, 2 of 5
Switching later
Some of it carries over, 3 of 5
New experiences
A fair amount new, 3 of 5

See all 14 paths

Where these facts come from
  1. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Fast Facts: Undergraduate graduation rates (opened 2026-10-15).
  2. National Student Clearinghouse Research Center, Tracking Transfer (first-time college students who started community college in fall 2018; page updated March 18, 2026; opened 2026-10-15).
  3. National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS Glossary: associate's degree, full-time student, net price (opened 2026-10-15).
  4. 34 CFR 600.2, the federal definition of a credit hour (eCFR, opened 2026-10-15).
  5. U.S. Government Accountability Office, Higher Education: Students Need More Information to Help Reduce Challenges in Transferring College Credits (GAO-17-574, August 2017), highlights. It covers students who transferred from 2004 to 2009.
  6. National Center for Education Statistics, The Condition of Education: Undergraduate Retention and Graduation Rates (page last updated May 2022; opened 2026-10-15).
  7. Federal Student Aid, How To Prepare for Student Loan Payments (opened 2026-10-15).
  8. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, When and how do I start paying my student loans? (last reviewed March 2024).
  9. National Center for Education Statistics, College Navigator (opened 2026-10-15).
  10. Federal Student Aid, FAFSA application page and Eligibility Requirements.
  11. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook: Dental hygienists (opened 2026-10-15).
  12. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook: Paralegals and legal assistants (opened 2026-10-15).
  13. U.S. Department of Education, Adult Education: Basic Grants to States.
  14. College Board, Trends in College Pricing and Student Aid 2025, Highlights (opened 2026-10-15).
  15. Bureau of Labor Statistics, wages by typical entry-level education (Table 5.2) and Education pays (Table 5.1), for the earnings scale (opened 2026-10-15).
  16. 34 CFR 600.4(a)(2), the federal definition of an institution of higher education, and 34 CFR 600.5(a)(3), its twin for for-profit schools (eCFR, opened 2026-10-19).
  17. People who changed course, on this site: Adam Steltzner, with that story's own sources.
  18. CareerOneStop (sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor), American Job Centers (free help for job seekers) (accessed 2026-10-12)
  19. U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights, Students with Disabilities Preparing for Postsecondary Education (revised September 2011; opened 2026-10-18).